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Partners in Command: George Marshall and Dwight Eisenhower in War and Peace
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Audible Audiobook
Listening Length: 17 hours and 53 minutes
Program Type: Audiobook
Version: Unabridged
Publisher: HighBridge Company
Audible.com Release Date: March 26, 2019
Language: English, English
ASIN: B07PPB4D5P
Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
The Author’s example of the Civil War relationship between Confederate Generals Lee and Jackson is a reach. Lee took command over Jackson less than a year before Stonewall’s death. The Marshall-Eisenhower relationship had duration but the unequal contributions defied the term “partnersâ€. General Marshall contributed sound advice from a distance and General Eisenhower acted, without support from above. When the British moved to reduce America’s role in the North African Campaign, (after the American Army was defeated in its first confrontation with the German Army), the intensity of feelings ran high and endangered the campaign itself. Eisenhower was at that time hard pressed to reorganize and retrain his army. He had to transform a loser into a winner. General Marshall properly advised Eisenhower to resist the Brits. However, General Marshall had access to Roosevelt and Churchill. He could have resolved the issue with a simple phone call. He didn’t. Later, he granted British General Montgomery a private meeting to hear Monty’s barrage of criticism of his superior General Eisenhower. Marshall said he was furious, “I came pretty near to blowing off out of turnâ€. He decided “not to meddleâ€. But he’d meddled when he validated Montgomery’s gripes by listening to them. Eisenhower living and operating in the midst of British partisanship got no support. Marshall did not confront. He preferred to “not antagonize people but manage themâ€. Probably not the best approach to communicate in the heat of battle.The Author lauds General Marshall’s “little black book†containing names of favored subordinates and lists successful Generals that Marshall promoted and there were many. There was also another aspect to General Marshall’s promotions. He inserted a favorite, General Fredendall, into key command position in Eisenhower’s North African campaign. Fredendall hid when the German’s attacked. Eisenhower sent him back to the U.S. but then Marshall promoted Fredendall. Perry explains that this as the army being sympathetic to command failures and bugouts, because the guilty had spent long years in remote assignments without promotion. Mr. Perry has either not served in the military or he’s misleading his readers. Eisenhower, who fired Fredendall, put GI bugouts in front of the firing squad in France.Another peculiar situation concerned Vinegar Joe Stilwell. Prior to WW2, during his first recall from China, Stilwell thought “they’re putting me out to pasture†His record contained negative fitness reports and few redeeming entries. While en route from China to Washington, George Catlett Marshall was elevated past senior officers to Chief of Staff U.S. Army. Stilwell suddenly found himself a Brigadier General and the escalator was just beginning. Within two years he was a Major General commanding a division in war games. His opponents won the war games but Vinegar Joe lost nothing. He was raised to first place in a rating of the 47 Major Generals in the U.S. Army. (He was also the only member of the U.S. Army who addressed General Marshall as “Georgeâ€.) Stilwell soon reached equal rank with war theater commanders MacArthur and Eisenhower although his only combat command of American troops, in a long career, consisted of 3000 volunteers for something less than a year. Vinegar Joe didn’t make the author’s list of successful “black book†generals, despite his rapid rise.Perry’s view of the WW2 China challenge was; “… get… Chiang to fighting the Japanese instead of undermining Stilwell’s efforts ….†But China fought and held down the bulk of the Japanese Army throughout WW2. Japanese Army records attest that China was their most lethal enemy. While troops of the Rising Sun rolled over the Philippines and Southeast Asia, the bulk of Japan’s army, fully equipped with tanks and artillery, was stopped and tied down in China by Chiang Kai-shek’s ill-clad, underfed, riflemen and machine gunners. Soldiers who, when wounded, died from lack of medical aid, when captured died in bayoneting practice, beheading contests or were burned or buried alive. This is the army that General Stilwell, (who did not fight in China), claimed “would not fightâ€. If Chiang’s army had not fought and held, Japan could have easily doubled their invasion force in Southeast Asia and rolled through India and onward to meet Rommel’s Panzers who were then attacking Egypt. Only China stopped the seemingly invincible Japanese Army. Without China, 1942 could easily have turned to total disaster, before America was mobilized to respond. General Stilwell confined his military activities to Burma. Although he was assigned by General Marshall to prepare plans for Chinese Army operations he prepared none for Chiang and left none for his replacement when he was recalled.The author claims “Marshall pleaded for more resources for Chinaâ€. When General Stilwell’s attempt to reopen the blockaded Burma Road ended in disaster, China was completely cut off .An airlift was the only hope. But General Marshall drastically undersized the “Hump†airlift at the start. Based on General Marshall’s U.S. Army budget, 325 U.S. divisions would require 6,825,000 tons per month. Chiang requested a modest 10,000 tons per month to support his army of 325 divisions. Chiang’s request for less than 1% of Marshall’s U.S. Army budget was denied, 4000 tons were budgeted. Only half that amount reached China during the first year, a year when unprepared America urgently needed the Japanese Army tied down in China. Later, when Chiang faced the huge Japanese Ichigo offensive in China and refused to send more troops out to Stilwell in Burma. General Marshall shut down China’s sole supply line, until Chiang complied.The author’s view of General Marshall’s postwar China activities follows the party line; mention of China’s government is accompanied by the adjective “corruptâ€. This, while a serious review of U.S. records reveals that any mention of China ethics was irrelevant! China, the Japanese Army’s most lethal enemy in WW2 was blockaded and received less than 2% of U.S. aid to allies. (Less than 10% of promised aid), China stopped the Japanese when the U.S. was unprepared, saved countless thousands of American lives and lost 15 million. China cost nothing compared to other U.S. allies. (The Chinese accused as recipients of China’s “corruption†were later cleared by an FBI investigation ordered by HST.) “China corruption†was and is irrelevent slander! At war’s end, devastated China was promised vast postwar aid by FDR and HST (twice), including a modernized army and air force. The “Corrupt China†campaign, (promoting the concept of generous American taxpayers being ripped off) shifted into high gear. Rearming China had to be stopped. That slander prevails today, unless carefully ignored reports, such as those from America’s man in China, Ambassador Stuart, are uncovered. Stuart reported from China, (after two years of Communist sabotage and insurrection); “America still delays the long promised aid on which survival of democratic institutions depends†And “The Chinese people do not want to become communists, yet they see the tide of communism running irresistibly forward.†And “ …. men at the very top are of high integrity and continue to struggle bravely against terrific difficulties. There are many more like them within and outside the government. “ Meanwhile, in Washington, internal State Department memos reinforced the “currently approved policy… … to withhold export licenses for munitions shipments to Chinaâ€. Before General Marshall left for China, he was ordered by President Truman to rearm and support Chiang Kai-shek’s government if mediation failed. He flagrantly disobeyed that order. When questioned on China aid General Marshall cited “the cost to the American peopleâ€. But the weapons and ammunition that China needed were rusting in war surplus stockpiles around the globe. When General Wedemeyer urged immediate shipment of war surplus arms to China, Secretary of State Marshall blocked his report. Later, decayed war surplus munitions killed Americans in Korea. Contrary to Perry’s version and more bizarre, General Marshall’s papers describe his initiative to establish a “Red West Point†for training of communist officers and his maneuvering to arm ten communist divisions. All while he blocked long promised arms to our devastated WW2 ally. The story told by State Department records (FRUS) 1946, 1947, 1948 is shocking. Thus these records have been carefully avoided by authors who push contrary fiction. FRUS proves that America abandoned its WW2 ally to communism. That process began and proceeded under General George Catlett Marshall. The author also cites General Marshall’s efforts to “Rebuild American military strength (and) guide American military policy in Koreaâ€. Perry misses the ongoing issue that determined life or death for many Americans fighting in the Korean War. In that war, the “Arsenal of democracy†of WW2 sent troops off to fight in Korea without adequate ammunition. Initially, they died from defective WW2 surplus hand grenades and “short†mortar rounds. Arms promised to China six years earlier. Then it got worse. George Marshall’s performance as Secretary of Defense during the Korean War, in one aspect, paralleled his moves in China. After two years of war, two years for U.S. industry to reach a fraction of WW2 ammunition production levels, Americans died for lack of ammunition to fire at the enemy. The 1st Marine Division, blocking the invasion route to Seoul, reported “critical shortages of hand grenades, 81 mm mortar rounds and artillery rationing that allowed the enemy to show himself almost at will without receiving fireâ€. This meant that Americans and their allies could only watch while the enemy massed his forces to attack. During the subsequent investigation, General Marshall explained that the low ammunition requirements were set before Red China entered the war and he cited a steel industry strike that disrupted production. But, China entered the war only four months after the first shot was fired, well within George Marshall’s tenure as Secretary of Defense and the Steel strike lasted all of four weeks. The shortages continued until, then newly elected president, Dwight Eisenhower visited Korea and took corrective action.General Marshall’s stature, as “Greatest Living Americanâ€, empowered him to keep a tight lid on all of the above and, since then, published history has carried the ball by carefully ignoring key records and successfully pushing a fiction that has covered up China’s story for more than a half century.Recommended:Abandoning an Ally- (U.S.- China, pre WW2 to Korean War)- Fitzgerald, James- Amazon.comMao: The Unknown Story- (A comprehensive view of Mao Zedong)- Chang & HollidayChina’s Special Area- (by Stalin’s man in Mao’s HQ)- Petr Vladimirov- Allied Pub.Wedemeyer Reports- (Head of U.S. military in China)- Albert C WedemeyerThe China Story- Utley, Freda- Henry Regenery Pub.U.S. Dept. of State- Foreign Relations of the United States- The Far East and China-1946, 1947&1948 (frequently listed as FRUS in end notes, footnotes)U.S Senate- Committee on the Judiciary- Testimony of Adm. Cooke re; General Marshall Disarming China 10/51U.S House Committee on Foreign Affairs- General Marshall Testimony on China, 2/20/48U.S. CIA Docs. ORE 32-48, ORE 32-49Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung- Vols. 1-5, Mao Tse-tungAbandoning an Ally: The Real Story Behind 70 Million Killed in China and America's "Forgotten War"
Well written well known story with new interesting tibits here and there. I would have give this book a five had the author's distain and hate of Patton and his hero worship of Bradley not shown up at every opportunity.
Surprisingly, a great book on career development and problems in management, set in the context of the most trying of times. In the case of Eisenhower, it is an excellent case study on how to manage a coalition of varying team players and personalities and how to report up to your boss. In the case of Marshall, it is an excellent case study on how to be a boss, both by identifying and promoting talent, managing subordinates (by giving them real responsibility and the trust and support to make their own decisions, even when they make mistakes) and ultimately keeping the organization focused on the broad strategic objectives that will win the war. Plus history to boot. Revealing insofar as the extent to which Eisenhower deferred to Marshall and how Marshall managed Eisenhower and encouraged him. Also interesting how Marshall pulled Eisenhower from obscurity to put him in a position to become supreme commander of Europe, solely by dint of his talent and hard work. Great book for understanding the dynamics of successful leadership and delegation of duties, as well as the keys to personal career success, in the guise of a history book and biography. Touches on the key command issues and battlefield developments to give the story clear historical context. Enlightening in many ways.
"Partners in Command" is the story of the two most important American military commanders of World War II - George Marshall and Dwight D. Eisenhower.It was Marshall, the powerful Chief of Staff of the United States military, that groomed Eisenhower for his role as the American Army's senior leader in Europe in World War II. And it was Eisenhower who devised the global strategy the United States would follow throughout the war. That strategy focused on defeating Germany first.Marshall and Eisenhower agreed early in the war that, once committed to fighting, the United States should fight as part of a grand coalition and avoid, to the greatest extent possible, peripheral operations to focus on striking the German heartland as soon as possible."Partners in Command" is the brilliantly told story of two men and their seminal contribution in directing America's military machine in the defeat of Nazi Germany. Their path was not an easy one. Marshall, who detested the British, frequently had his strategic aims dislocated by Prime Minister Winston Churchill, while Eisenhower was responsible for keeping the Allied coalition working together effectively toward a single aim.In the end, however, both Marshall and Eisenhower succeeded in directing the Allied war effort toward an invasion of France in 1944, despite attempts by Churchill and the British to focus the Allied main effort in Italy and the Balkans.Author Mark Perry dispels a number of myths about Americans at war throughout this book. He discusses, for example, the huge numbers of deserters in Europe by the end of the war and the concern they caused Eisenhower, contradicting George Patton's claim that Americans love war.This is American military history at its very best!
Excellent, readable story - clearly the author admires the two men, still he is able to present them as human.
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